What are safer alternatives to informal lending?
In order of cost (cheapest first): (1) SACCO/credit union loan (8-15%/yr), (2) Salary advance from employer, (3) Digital lending apps (Branch, Tala, Carbon — 20-50% APR, still high but formal), (4) Microfinance institution (36-60% APR), (5) Bank personal loan (18-30% APR). Any of these is better than informal lenders at 240-600% APR.