Hepatitis B: testing, diagnosis and vaccination
Prepare the right questions without interpreting a laboratory result yourself. Testing finds markers; diagnosis requires qualified confirmation and clinical assessment; vaccination is a separate prevention decision and does not diagnose infection.
Three-pathway summary
Choose the context to keep testing, diagnosis and vaccination questions separate.
What each pathway means
Testing: for initial screening of adults aged 18 or older, CDC describes a triple panel of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to surface antigen (anti-HBs), and total antibody to core antigen (total anti-HBc). Age-specific, exposure and perinatal pathways differ. Pregnancy has a distinct pathway that includes HBsAg screening during each pregnancy.
Qualified diagnosis: marker names or combinations are not a self-diagnosis. A clinician or qualified programme confirms what was tested, whether a finding is confirmed and what further assessment is needed.
Vaccination: documented doses, testing and diagnosis are related information but separate decisions. Only the applicable national programme or qualified service should decide eligibility and timing.
Official sources, reviewed 26 July 2026: WHO hepatitis B fact sheet (10 June 2026); WHO consolidated implementation handbook (15 February 2026); CDC clinical testing and diagnosis.