JAMB Government 2006

22 reviewed questions with answers and explanations.

Practice selection: full-paper coverage has not been confirmed.

Question 2

The chairman of the UN Security Council emerges through

  1. consensus
  2. rotation
  3. election
  4. selection
Answer and explanation

B: rotation

The Security Council presidency rotates among its members in English alphabetical order. It is not filled through a separate election for each monthly term.

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Question 4

Judges of the World Court are appointed to serve for

  1. five years
  2. ten years
  3. four years
  4. nine years
Answer and explanation

D: nine years

Judges of the International Court of Justice serve nine-year terms and may be re-elected. They are elected through the UN General Assembly and Security Council.

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Question 5

The highest decision-making organ of OPEC is the

  1. Conference
  2. Special Fund
  3. Board of Governors
  4. Secretariat
Answer and explanation

A: Conference

The OPEC Statute identifies the Conference as the organization's supreme authority. It sets general policy and takes the principal decisions, while other organs perform assigned supporting functions.

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Question 6

Diplomatic missions among the Commonwealth member states are referred to as

  1. legations
  2. high commissions
  3. embassies
  4. consulates
Answer and explanation

B: high commissions

Resident diplomatic missions between Commonwealth countries are conventionally called high commissions. They perform diplomatic functions comparable to embassies in other bilateral relationships.

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Question 7

The New Partnership for Africa's Development was mainly promoted by

  1. Kenya, South Africa and Senegal
  2. Nigeria, Senegal and South Africa
  3. Ghana, Sierra Leone and Nigeria
  4. Tanzania, Burkina Faso and Egypt
Answer and explanation

B: Nigeria, Senegal and South Africa

Nigeria, Senegal and South Africa were among the founding countries promoting NEPAD. The founding group also included Algeria and Egypt; the option lists three members of that group.

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Question 8

Nigeria became a front-line state in the South Africa liberation struggle because of her

  1. commitment to end colonialism
  2. influence on African proxy wars
  3. connection with South Africa
  4. anti-apartheid stance
Answer and explanation

D: anti-apartheid stance

Nigeria supported the struggle against apartheid through diplomatic and material action. Its anti-apartheid position explains its prominent role despite not sharing a border with South Africa.

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Question 9

Nigeria's first participation in a United Nations peace-keeping operation was in

  1. Angola
  2. Lebanon
  3. Chad
  4. Congo
Answer and explanation

D: Congo

Nigeria first contributed to United Nations peacekeeping in the Congo in 1960. This was the year of Nigerian independence and preceded its contributions to the other operations listed.

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Question 11

The first Nigerian leader to become chairman of the Organization of African Unity was

  1. Johnson Aguiyi Ironsi
  2. Murtala Muhammed
  3. Yakubu Gowon
  4. Tafewa Balewa
Answer and explanation

C: Yakubu Gowon

Yakubu Gowon chaired the Organization of African Unity in 1973–1974. He was the first Nigerian leader to occupy that chairmanship.

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Question 16

The 1960 Independence Constitution of Nigeria provided for the

  1. President as head of government
  2. Governor-General as head of state
  3. Queen as head of state
  4. Governor-General as head of government
Answer and explanation

C: Queen as head of state

Under the 1960 Independence Constitution, the Queen remained head of state and was represented by a Governor-General. The prime minister headed the government.

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Question 20

The chairman of the National Defence Council as provided in the 1999 Constitution is the

  1. Minister of Defence
  2. Chief of Defence Staff
  3. Chief of Army Staff
  4. President
Answer and explanation

D: President

The 1999 Constitution names the President as chairman of the National Defence Council. The Vice-President is deputy chairman, while defence chiefs are members.

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Question 22

In Nigeria, military regimes returned power to civilians through

  1. transition programmes
  2. constitutional conferences
  3. impositions
  4. negotiations
Answer and explanation

A: transition programmes

Military-to-civilian handovers in Nigeria were organized through transition programmes. These programmes set out steps such as constitutional arrangements and elections before civilian governments took office.

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Question 26

Under the 1963 Republican Constitution, the President exercised

  1. nominal powers
  2. judicial powers
  3. concurrent powers
  4. executive powers
Answer and explanation

A: nominal powers

The 1963 parliamentary republic had a largely ceremonial president as head of state. The prime minister and cabinet directed the ordinary business of government.

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Question 34

The form of government in which the powers of the hereditary ruler are limited is

  1. aristocracy
  2. constitutional monarchy
  3. absolute monarchy
  4. totalitarianism
Answer and explanation

B: constitutional monarchy

A constitutional monarchy limits the monarch's powers through constitutional rules and institutions. An absolute monarchy, by contrast, does not impose those same constitutional restraints.

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Question 35

The principle of separation of powers is intimately related to

  1. democratic rule
  2. the bureaucratic process
  3. the rule of law
  4. checks and balances
Answer and explanation

D: checks and balances

Checks and balances complement separation of powers by allowing each branch to restrain specified actions of the others. They help prevent separated powers from becoming unchecked powers.

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Question 37

Vote of confidence is basically a feature of

  1. the parliamentary system
  2. a coalition government
  3. an aristocratic government
  4. the presidential system
Answer and explanation

A: the parliamentary system

A parliamentary executive must retain the confidence of the legislature. A confidence vote tests that support and can determine whether the government continues in office.

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Question 39

One of the most essential characteristics of the state is

  1. legitimacy
  2. the civil service
  3. the rule of law
  4. sovereignty
Answer and explanation

D: sovereignty

Sovereignty is a defining characteristic of a state, alongside a population, territory and government. A civil service or a particular standard of rule of law is not itself what establishes statehood.

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Question 41

Fascism originated from

  1. China
  2. Greece
  3. Germany
  4. Italy
Answer and explanation

D: Italy

Fascism emerged as an organized political movement in Italy under Benito Mussolini. Germany later developed its own Nazi movement, but Italy is the origin identified by the term fascism.

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Question 42

One of the ways the executive performs legislative functions is through

  1. delegated legislation
  2. judicial review
  3. extrajudicial decision
  4. administrative review
Answer and explanation

A: delegated legislation

Delegated legislation allows the executive to make detailed rules under authority granted by the legislature. Judicial review belongs to the courts and is a different function.

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Question 44

In a dominant one-party system, there is

  1. one party which embraces all the citizens
  2. only one political party recognized by law
  3. one party that controls other political parties
  4. one among many parties that consistently wins elections
Answer and explanation

D: one among many parties that consistently wins elections

In a dominant-party system, several parties may legally compete, but one repeatedly wins power. This differs from a legally enforced single-party system, in which competing parties are not permitted.

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Question 45

Individual as opposed to collective responsibility is a basic feature of the

  1. monarchical system of government
  2. socialist system of government
  3. presidential system of government
  4. parliamentary system of government
Answer and explanation

C: presidential system of government

In a presidential system, ministers are individually responsible to the president rather than collectively dependent on parliamentary confidence. Parliamentary cabinets combine individual ministerial duties with collective responsibility.

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Question 46

The type of government in which an individual wields absolute power is called

  1. autocracy
  2. theocracy
  3. oligarchy
  4. plutocracy
Answer and explanation

A: autocracy

Autocracy concentrates supreme governing power in one person. Oligarchy refers to rule by a small group, plutocracy to dominance by the wealthy, and theocracy to rule grounded in religious authority.

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Question 49

As a component of the state, the civil service is important because it ensures

  1. gender equality
  2. continuity in governance
  3. effective cost-benefit analysis
  4. equality among professions
Answer and explanation

B: continuity in governance

The permanent civil service retains administrative knowledge and keeps public business functioning when political officeholders change. This continuity is distinct from guaranteeing equality between every profession.

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