JAMB Government 2004

D: the United States, Russia, France, Britain and China

The five permanent Security Council members are China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States. Japan and Germany are not permanent members.

A: Joseph Garba

Joseph Nanven Garba of Nigeria served as president of the forty-fourth session of the UN General Assembly. The other listed Nigerian diplomats did not hold that presidency.

B: Liberia and Sierra Leone

Nigeria contributed to ECOMOG operations in Liberia and Sierra Leone. These were regional interventions connected with the conflicts in the two countries.

C: Economic Community of West African States

The Treaty of Lagos signed on 28 May 1975 established ECOWAS. The organization was created to promote cooperation and economic integration among West African states.

C: Conference

The OPEC Conference takes membership decisions under the organizations statute. The Secretariat administers the organization but is not the body that admits new members.

A: the National Assembly

Nigerias federal legislature is formally called the National Assembly. Its two chambers are the Senate and the House of Representatives.

D: Code of Conduct Tribunal

The Code of Conduct Tribunal adjudicates alleged breaches of the code of conduct for public officers. The Code of Conduct Bureau performs the distinct administrative and investigative role.

C: Executive

Under section 5 of the 1999 Constitution, the President declares war subject to authorization by a resolution of both legislative houses in joint session. The executive power is therefore constitutionally checked.

D: Baron de Montesquieu

Montesquieu is especially associated with the separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers. Dividing these functions helps prevent excessive concentration of authority.

B: associational

An associational interest group has an organized membership and formal rules for pursuing shared interests. Non-associational interests may arise from shared identity without that formal organization.

A: non-legislative bodies

Delegated legislation is made by an authority, such as a minister or local council, using powers granted by the legislature. The parent law defines the scope of that delegated power.

C: expression

Libel concerns defamatory statements in a lasting form, so it limits some uses of expression. The law balances expression with protection of reputation.

C: equality of human beings

Equality before the law is a fundamental premise of the rule of law. People holding public office should be subject to legal rules rather than exempt through status or privilege.

A: nation-state

A confederation's common assembly represents its member states. The members remain sovereign political units rather than ordinary districts within one centralized state.

C: agriculture

Feudal economies were primarily agrarian: control of land and agricultural production supported the obligations between lords and dependent cultivators. Agriculture therefore formed their economic base.

C: communism

Communism's ultimate ideal is a classless society with collective ownership of the means of production. This distinguishes the stated end goal from fascism and capitalism.

D: exercise of veto

A president may veto legislation by withholding assent under the applicable constitution. This checks the legislature, although a constitution may allow the legislature to override the veto.

D: enable the judges to try and decide cases without bias

Judicial independence protects judges from improper pressure so they can decide cases impartially. It does not give individual judges unrestricted power to set salaries, terms of office or dismissal procedures.

B: people

Democratic sovereignty ultimately belongs to the people, who authorize government through constitutional and electoral arrangements. The electorate is the eligible voting part of that wider population, not the whole sovereign community.

D: Nigeria People's Party

The National Party of Nigeria entered an accord with the Nigeria People's Party during the Second Republic. This arrangement helped the governing party secure cooperation beyond its own parliamentary strength.

C: public enterprise

Public enterprises are businesses owned by government. Public utilities are a narrower group providing services such as water or electricity, while public services extend beyond commercial enterprises.

A: Local Government Service Commission

Local Government Service Commissions manage specified personnel matters for local government staff, including senior appointments and career administration. This concerns staffing rather than employees’ private personal affairs.

A: public ownership is dominant

Commercialization changes how a public enterprise operates while retaining public ownership. Privatization transfers ownership or control to private investors, so the distinction concerns ownership rather than simply charging prices.

C: Mohamed Ibn Chambas

Mohamed Ibn Chambas was the Executive Secretary of ECOWAS in 2004. This office headed the Executive Secretariat before the institution became the ECOWAS Commission.