69 reviewed questions with answers and explanations.
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Question 2
It is customary nowadays among fashionable ladies and gentlemen to acquire strange and sometimes quaint clothes which are scarcely ever used. Sometimes it may be an approaching festival, sometimes a two hour ceremony and sometimes to honour a dead colleague – something triggers off the modern craze to sew new materials whose use does not outlast the moment of craze. And so, people who just occupy small apartments in their parents’ homes, or have rented one room in a densely-peopled house find that more than two-thirds of their rooms are filled with bongo trousers which they cannot wear, worn out jeans which stink, or specially made cloth for occasions that are not recurrent. Although plagued by the problem of school fees for their children, parents have had to swallow their own phlegm and humour their children who need special clothes for important events. Newly employed youths soon find that their comrades are getting married, and a new and special attire must be used to grace the occasion. University students see matriculation ceremonies or induction ceremonies into club membership as special reasons to make new attire which – you may be sure – they would not wear on another occasion that parallels the one for which these clothes were made. Medical doctors may soon find another cause for the incidence of high blood pressure among the youth. ‘The desire to acquire new clothes’ is one strong possible cause, but a more subtle one which haunts like a ghost is the problem of choice of what to wear. The youths have so stuffed their apartments, wardrobes, drawers and trunks with so many clothes that the greatest problem they face is the choice of what to wear.
In this passage, the expression “parents have had to swallow their own phlegm” means parents
- had to swallow the sputum in their mouths
- have been phlegmatic all along
- have had to overcome their own pride or prejudice
- no longer had to swallow their own phlegm
Answer and explanation
C: have had to overcome their own pride or prejudice
The parents overcome their own objections to satisfy their children’s clothing demands despite school-fee pressures. Swallowing their phlegm is figurative here, not a literal act of swallowing.
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Question 4
It is customary nowadays among fashionable ladies and gentlemen to acquire strange and sometimes quaint clothes which are scarcely ever used. Sometimes it may be an approaching festival, sometimes a two hour ceremony and sometimes to honour a dead colleague – something triggers off the modern craze to sew new materials whose use does not outlast the moment of craze. And so, people who just occupy small apartments in their parents’ homes, or have rented one room in a densely-peopled house find that more than two-thirds of their rooms are filled with bongo trousers which they cannot wear, worn out jeans which stink, or specially made cloth for occasions that are not recurrent. Although plagued by the problem of school fees for their children, parents have had to swallow their own phlegm and humour their children who need special clothes for important events. Newly employed youths soon find that their comrades are getting married, and a new and special attire must be used to grace the occasion. University students see matriculation ceremonies or induction ceremonies into club membership as special reasons to make new attire which – you may be sure – they would not wear on another occasion that parallels the one for which these clothes were made. Medical doctors may soon find another cause for the incidence of high blood pressure among the youth. ‘The desire to acquire new clothes’ is one strong possible cause, but a more subtle one which haunts like a ghost is the problem of choice of what to wear. The youths have so stuffed their apartments, wardrobes, drawers and trunks with so many clothes that the greatest problem they face is the choice of what to wear.
In this passage we learn that parents
- admire their children's craze for new clothes
- do not provide the money for the fashion craze
- endure a lot of hardship to provide for their children
- gladly provide the money for the fashion craze
Answer and explanation
C: endure a lot of hardship to provide for their children
The passage describes parents already struggling with school fees who still satisfy the clothing demands. This supports enduring hardship rather than happily approving the fashion craze.
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Question 6
Delinquency describes actions that would not be crimes if performed by adults. If a young person performs one of such actions then he has committed a crime. Delinquency is one of several status offences – offences that can be committed only by people in particular stations of life as determined by age, profession or a person’s role in society. For young people such offences include drinking, driving and smoking under age. Usually they are offences only to the extent that they help to preserve some of the good things of life for the exclusive enjoyment of the adult world. Delinquency is therefore a weapon forged in adult minds and directed by adult hands against young people. It is born out of envy, adult pride and intolerance. If the world changed overnight and the responsibility to make and enforce laws fell on juvenile shoulders, the adults should expect a raw deal in return. Delinquency would then certainly refer only to many of the adult actions now freely committed by them.
The writer of the passage believes that delinquency laws are
- not relevant to human society
- only fit for young people
- unfair to the juveniles
- very fair to the adult world
Answer and explanation
C: unfair to the juveniles
The writer calls these laws a weapon directed by adults against young people and associates them with pride and intolerance. That language presents them as unfair to juveniles, not as neutral protection.
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Question 7
Delinquency describes actions that would not be crimes if performed by adults. If a young person performs one of such actions then he has committed a crime. Delinquency is one of several status offences – offences that can be committed only by people in particular stations of life as determined by age, profession or a person’s role in society. For young people such offences include drinking, driving and smoking under age. Usually they are offences only to the extent that they help to preserve some of the good things of life for the exclusive enjoyment of the adult world. Delinquency is therefore a weapon forged in adult minds and directed by adult hands against young people. It is born out of envy, adult pride and intolerance. If the world changed overnight and the responsibility to make and enforce laws fell on juvenile shoulders, the adults should expect a raw deal in return. Delinquency would then certainly refer only to many of the adult actions now freely committed by them.
Status offences are those that can be committed by
- all adults
- juveniles only
- delinquent juveniles only
- specified classes of people.
Answer and explanation
D: specified classes of people.
The passage defines status offences by a person’s age, profession or role in society. Specified classes of people covers this full definition, whereas juveniles are only one example.
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Question 8
Delinquency describes actions that would not be crimes if performed by adults. If a young person performs one of such actions then he has committed a crime. Delinquency is one of several status offences – offences that can be committed only by people in particular stations of life as determined by age, profession or a person’s role in society. For young people such offences include drinking, driving and smoking under age. Usually they are offences only to the extent that they help to preserve some of the good things of life for the exclusive enjoyment of the adult world. Delinquency is therefore a weapon forged in adult minds and directed by adult hands against young people. It is born out of envy, adult pride and intolerance. If the world changed overnight and the responsibility to make and enforce laws fell on juvenile shoulders, the adults should expect a raw deal in return. Delinquency would then certainly refer only to many of the adult actions now freely committed by them.
In the view of the writer, drinking under age is an offence because
- adults want to have all the drink to themselves
- adults do not want juveniles to get drunk
- drunken juveniles can cause disorder in society
- adults have a duty to protect young persons
Answer and explanation
A: adults want to have all the drink to themselves
According to the writer, the rule reserves certain pleasures for adults. The answer reports that viewpoint about exclusive enjoyment; it does not assert a general reason for all real-world laws.
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Question 9
Delinquency describes actions that would not be crimes if performed by adults. If a young person performs one of such actions then he has committed a crime. Delinquency is one of several status offences – offences that can be committed only by people in particular stations of life as determined by age, profession or a person’s role in society. For young people such offences include drinking, driving and smoking under age. Usually they are offences only to the extent that they help to preserve some of the good things of life for the exclusive enjoyment of the adult world. Delinquency is therefore a weapon forged in adult minds and directed by adult hands against young people. It is born out of envy, adult pride and intolerance. If the world changed overnight and the responsibility to make and enforce laws fell on juvenile shoulders, the adults should expect a raw deal in return. Delinquency would then certainly refer only to many of the adult actions now freely committed by them.
If the world changed overnight
- there would be more delinquency laws
- delinquency would refer to all adult actions
- delinquency would no more be a crime
- delinquency would also change in meaning.
Answer and explanation
D: delinquency would also change in meaning.
The imagined reversal would give young people power to define offences, changing what delinquency referred to. The passage says many adult actions, so the option saying all adult actions goes too far.
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Question 10
Delinquency describes actions that would not be crimes if performed by adults. If a young person performs one of such actions then he has committed a crime. Delinquency is one of several status offences – offences that can be committed only by people in particular stations of life as determined by age, profession or a person’s role in society. For young people such offences include drinking, driving and smoking under age. Usually they are offences only to the extent that they help to preserve some of the good things of life for the exclusive enjoyment of the adult world. Delinquency is therefore a weapon forged in adult minds and directed by adult hands against young people. It is born out of envy, adult pride and intolerance. If the world changed overnight and the responsibility to make and enforce laws fell on juvenile shoulders, the adults should expect a raw deal in return. Delinquency would then certainly refer only to many of the adult actions now freely committed by them.
When young people make and enforce laws
- the responsibility will be too heavy on their shoulders
- they would retaliate against the adults
- their laws will be very juvenile
- the world will be turned upside down
Answer and explanation
B: they would retaliate against the adults
The statement that adults should expect a raw deal in return implies retaliation if young people controlled the laws. It does not claim that the burden of responsibility would overwhelm them.
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Question 11
Those who are familiar with it will tell you that Ludo, like human life itself, is a game both of chance and skill. You need skill in deciding how to make the most advantageous use of the figures that turn up on the die when you cast it. Since each player has at least four alternative ways of using his figures, two players with equal luck may fare differently, depending on how cleverly each one uses his figures. The element of luck, again as in human life, plays a dominant role however. For no matter how skilful a player may be in using the figures he gets on the die, he has a slim chance of winning if he continually throws low figures. While a combination of ones and twos may be useful in checking the advance of one’s opponents, it will not take one home fast enough to win. On the other hand, consistent throws of sixes and fives, with even the very minimum of skill, will help a player to home all his four counters before any of the three other players, unless, of course, he has no idea of the game at all.
According to the passage, Ludo is
- more a game of skill than of chance
- more a game of luck than of skill
- equally a game of chance and skill
- a game entirely of luck.
Answer and explanation
B: more a game of luck than of skill
The passage recognises both skill and chance but explicitly calls luck dominant. It explains that persistent low throws can defeat even a skilful player, so luck has the greater role.
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Question 13
Those who are familiar with it will tell you that Ludo, like human life itself, is a game both of chance and skill. You need skill in deciding how to make the most advantageous use of the figures that turn up on the die when you cast it. Since each player has at least four alternative ways of using his figures, two players with equal luck may fare differently, depending on how cleverly each one uses his figures. The element of luck, again as in human life, plays a dominant role however. For no matter how skilful a player may be in using the figures he gets on the die, he has a slim chance of winning if he continually throws low figures. While a combination of ones and twos may be useful in checking the advance of one’s opponents, it will not take one home fast enough to win. On the other hand, consistent throws of sixes and fives, with even the very minimum of skill, will help a player to home all his four counters before any of the three other players, unless, of course, he has no idea of the game at all.
It is implied in the passage, that in Ludo threes and fours are
- very high throws
- medium throws
- low throws
- very low throws
Answer and explanation
B: medium throws
On the six-sided die described, ones and twos are low and fives and sixes are high. Threes and fours fall between those groups, making them medium throws.
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Question 14
Those who are familiar with it will tell you that Ludo, like human life itself, is a game both of chance and skill. You need skill in deciding how to make the most advantageous use of the figures that turn up on the die when you cast it. Since each player has at least four alternative ways of using his figures, two players with equal luck may fare differently, depending on how cleverly each one uses his figures. The element of luck, again as in human life, plays a dominant role however. For no matter how skilful a player may be in using the figures he gets on the die, he has a slim chance of winning if he continually throws low figures. While a combination of ones and twos may be useful in checking the advance of one’s opponents, it will not take one home fast enough to win. On the other hand, consistent throws of sixes and fives, with even the very minimum of skill, will help a player to home all his four counters before any of the three other players, unless, of course, he has no idea of the game at all.
According to the passage, a player with consistently high throws will
- almost certainly win a game
- certainly win a game
- almost certainly not win a game
- deliberately not win a game
Answer and explanation
A: almost certainly win a game
Consistently high throws give a player a strong advantage, but the writer still requires a minimum knowledge of the game. Almost certainly respects that qualification; certainly does not.
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Question 15
Those who are familiar with it will tell you that Ludo, like human life itself, is a game both of chance and skill. You need skill in deciding how to make the most advantageous use of the figures that turn up on the die when you cast it. Since each player has at least four alternative ways of using his figures, two players with equal luck may fare differently, depending on how cleverly each one uses his figures. The element of luck, again as in human life, plays a dominant role however. For no matter how skilful a player may be in using the figures he gets on the die, he has a slim chance of winning if he continually throws low figures. While a combination of ones and twos may be useful in checking the advance of one’s opponents, it will not take one home fast enough to win. On the other hand, consistent throws of sixes and fives, with even the very minimum of skill, will help a player to home all his four counters before any of the three other players, unless, of course, he has no idea of the game at all.
In the passage, the possession of skill specifically enables a player to
- win
- throw good figures
- use his figures efficiently
- check his opponents effectively
Answer and explanation
C: use his figures efficiently
Skill determines how efficiently the player uses the numbers already thrown. It cannot control which numbers appear on the die, and winning still depends substantially on luck.
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Question 17
Farming is the most important aspect of agriculture that has attracted attention within the last few years. Agriculture has several other aspects like fishery, livestock and poultry. All these are also important in that they have to do with the production of food items which human beings consume for survival. In many parts of the world today, farming has been regarded as the mainstay of the economy. Crops such as cocoa, rubber and cotton have been produced in such commercial quantity that they are sold to other countries. Some countries have a better comparative advantage in producing certain farm crops than other countries. In these other countries, there is the need to spend a lot of money on agriculture, particularly farming. Most farmers use outmoded tools. A lot of them have no place to store their crops, most of which are always destroyed by insects and pests before harvest time. All these have adverse effects on their productivity. The government can do a lot to help farmers. Farmers’ co-operative societies can be encouraged and loans can be made available to farmers through government institutions, like banks and finance corporations. Farmers can be taught how to build good storage structures for their produce. All these and a lot more can help to improve the condition of farming in these countries.
Farming in many countries today is
- an alternative to poultry
- of great assistance to the economy
- for those who are out of jobs
- for the illiterates
Answer and explanation
B: of great assistance to the economy
The passage calls farming the mainstay of many economies and describes crops sold abroad. This supports its major economic contribution, rather than limiting farming to unemployed or uneducated people.
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Question 19
Farming is the most important aspect of agriculture that has attracted attention within the last few years. Agriculture has several other aspects like fishery, livestock and poultry. All these are also important in that they have to do with the production of food items which human beings consume for survival. In many parts of the world today, farming has been regarded as the mainstay of the economy. Crops such as cocoa, rubber and cotton have been produced in such commercial quantity that they are sold to other countries. Some countries have a better comparative advantage in producing certain farm crops than other countries. In these other countries, there is the need to spend a lot of money on agriculture, particularly farming. Most farmers use outmoded tools. A lot of them have no place to store their crops, most of which are always destroyed by insects and pests before harvest time. All these have adverse effects on their productivity. The government can do a lot to help farmers. Farmers’ co-operative societies can be encouraged and loans can be made available to farmers through government institutions, like banks and finance corporations. Farmers can be taught how to build good storage structures for their produce. All these and a lot more can help to improve the condition of farming in these countries.
In order to help improve the state of farming, the government should
- give all farmers enough money to work with
- sell enough fertilizer to all farmers
- find ways of financing and modernizing the farming system
- help farmers with the storage of their crops
Answer and explanation
C: find ways of financing and modernizing the farming system
The suggested measures combine loans and co-operative support with better storage methods. Financing and modernizing the system brings these measures together; storage help alone covers only one part of the proposal.
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Question 21
It may be argued that museums as an institution and an agency for transmitting cultural heritage are an artificial creation, so far as objects are removed from their natural or proper environments and put into museums which are a different environment altogether. However, it seems that museums themselves have come to be accepted and recognized as the best equipped institutions devised by man for the assemblage of cultural objects and their presentation and preservation for the present and future generations. The artificial character of museums is however being gradually transformed into a cultural reality. Thus, just as one goes to the theatre for plays and other performing arts, the mosque, the church or the shrine for worship, the library for the printed words, today, it is to the museum one goes to see evidence of man’s material outfit. For, no other institution or place so readily comes to mind as museums do when evidence of material culture is sought. Herein lies the importance of museums as cultural institutions and an agency for transmitting culture.
Museums are an artificial creation because
- they are an agency for transmitting cultural heritage
- natural or proper environments are removed and put into museums
- objects are removed from museums to natural or proper environments
- objects are removed from their natural or proper environments and put into museums.
Answer and explanation
D: objects are removed from their natural or proper environments and put into museums.
The first sentence calls museums artificial because cultural objects are taken out of their original settings and displayed in a different environment. The objects move, rather than their entire original environments.
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Question 22
It may be argued that museums as an institution and an agency for transmitting cultural heritage are an artificial creation, so far as objects are removed from their natural or proper environments and put into museums which are a different environment altogether. However, it seems that museums themselves have come to be accepted and recognized as the best equipped institutions devised by man for the assemblage of cultural objects and their presentation and preservation for the present and future generations. The artificial character of museums is however being gradually transformed into a cultural reality. Thus, just as one goes to the theatre for plays and other performing arts, the mosque, the church or the shrine for worship, the library for the printed words, today, it is to the museum one goes to see evidence of man’s material outfit. For, no other institution or place so readily comes to mind as museums do when evidence of material culture is sought. Herein lies the importance of museums as cultural institutions and an agency for transmitting culture.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT part of the main functions of museums?
- Preservation
- Generation
- Presentation
- Assemblage.
Answer and explanation
B: Generation
The passage explicitly names assembling, presenting and preserving cultural objects. Generation is not listed as a museum function: generations instead refers to the people who benefit.
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Question 23
It may be argued that museums as an institution and an agency for transmitting cultural heritage are an artificial creation, so far as objects are removed from their natural or proper environments and put into museums which are a different environment altogether. However, it seems that museums themselves have come to be accepted and recognized as the best equipped institutions devised by man for the assemblage of cultural objects and their presentation and preservation for the present and future generations. The artificial character of museums is however being gradually transformed into a cultural reality. Thus, just as one goes to the theatre for plays and other performing arts, the mosque, the church or the shrine for worship, the library for the printed words, today, it is to the museum one goes to see evidence of man’s material outfit. For, no other institution or place so readily comes to mind as museums do when evidence of material culture is sought. Herein lies the importance of museums as cultural institutions and an agency for transmitting culture.
The evidence of material culture can best be sought in the
- theatre and other performing arts
- library and the museum
- museum only
- museum more than any other institution
Answer and explanation
D: museum more than any other institution
The writer says museums are the institution most readily associated with evidence of material culture. This gives them priority over other institutions without claiming that such evidence exists only in museums.
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Question 24
It may be argued that museums as an institution and an agency for transmitting cultural heritage are an artificial creation, so far as objects are removed from their natural or proper environments and put into museums which are a different environment altogether. However, it seems that museums themselves have come to be accepted and recognized as the best equipped institutions devised by man for the assemblage of cultural objects and their presentation and preservation for the present and future generations. The artificial character of museums is however being gradually transformed into a cultural reality. Thus, just as one goes to the theatre for plays and other performing arts, the mosque, the church or the shrine for worship, the library for the printed words, today, it is to the museum one goes to see evidence of man’s material outfit. For, no other institution or place so readily comes to mind as museums do when evidence of material culture is sought. Herein lies the importance of museums as cultural institutions and an agency for transmitting culture.
Which of the following phrases in the passage does NOT express the artificial character of museums?
- Removed from
- For transmitting
- put into
- Devised by
Answer and explanation
B: For transmitting
For transmitting describes the purpose of passing culture on. The other phrases concern removing, relocating or devising objects and institutions, which support the account of their artificial construction.
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Question 25
It may be argued that museums as an institution and an agency for transmitting cultural heritage are an artificial creation, so far as objects are removed from their natural or proper environments and put into museums which are a different environment altogether. However, it seems that museums themselves have come to be accepted and recognized as the best equipped institutions devised by man for the assemblage of cultural objects and their presentation and preservation for the present and future generations. The artificial character of museums is however being gradually transformed into a cultural reality. Thus, just as one goes to the theatre for plays and other performing arts, the mosque, the church or the shrine for worship, the library for the printed words, today, it is to the museum one goes to see evidence of man’s material outfit. For, no other institution or place so readily comes to mind as museums do when evidence of material culture is sought. Herein lies the importance of museums as cultural institutions and an agency for transmitting culture.
“No other institution or place so readily comes to mind as museums” means that museums are
- always ready to enter the mind
- a ready example
- recalled with great difficulty
- remembered with hesitancy
Answer and explanation
B: a ready example
Something that readily comes to mind is easily recalled as an example. The phrase makes museums a ready example of where to find material culture, not an institution that is hard to remember.
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Question 27
Choose the option opposite in meaning to “temporary”: The University has offered temporary accommodation to its staff.
- popular
- permanent
- recognized
- regular.
Answer and explanation
B: permanent
Temporary accommodation lasts for a limited period. Permanent describes accommodation intended to continue indefinitely, giving the direct contrast.
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Question 28
Choose the option opposite in meaning to “coarse”: Mary complained that she slept on the coarse floor.
- smooth
- rough
- bad
- harsh.
Answer and explanation
A: smooth
A coarse surface is rough in texture. Smooth gives the opposite surface quality; rough and harsh reinforce the original meaning.
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Question 29
Choose the option opposite in meaning to “spectators”: Jim was one of the spectators at the concert.
- ushers
- judges
- guests
- performers.
Answer and explanation
D: performers.
Spectators watch an event, whereas performers take part in presenting it. Performers therefore provides the contrasting role at the concert.
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Question 30
Choose the option opposite in meaning to “declined”: The Governor declined to give audience to the journalist
- ignored
- accepted
- forgot
- rejected.
Answer and explanation
B: accepted
Declined means refused in this sentence. Accepted reverses that decision; ignored and forgot describe different actions, while rejected is a synonym.
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Question 32
Choose the option opposite in meaning to “soothed”: The lotion recommended by the doctor soothed Okon’s aching tooth
- calmed
- extracted
- excited
- worsened.
Answer and explanation
D: worsened.
Soothed means relieved or made the discomfort less severe. Worsened reverses that effect by making the condition worse; calmed is close to the original meaning.
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Question 34
Choose the option opposite in meaning to “locked up”: He was locked up for a fortnight
- released
- punished
- remanded
- locked out
Answer and explanation
A: released
To be locked up is to be confined. Released means set free from that confinement; locked out instead describes exclusion from a place, not release from custody.
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Question 36
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “free”: You are free to leave the hall.
- at an advantage
- opportuned
- at liberty
- right.
Answer and explanation
C: at liberty
Free to leave means having permission or liberty to leave. At liberty expresses that absence of restriction, rather than an advantage or a convenient opportunity.
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Question 37
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “surrender”: The culprits will surrender their loot to the Customs officials.
- give away
- give out
- give in
- give up
Answer and explanation
D: give up
To surrender the loot is to give up possession of it to the officials. Give up preserves that meaning; give in means yield in a dispute and does not take the loot as its direct object here.
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Question 38
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “animated”: The discussion became animated.
- specialized
- lively
- intellectual
- unruly.
Answer and explanation
B: lively
An animated discussion is lively and energetic. The word describes its vigour, not necessarily the expertise, subject matter or discipline of the speakers.
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Question 39
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “niggardly”: Rich citizens are often niggardly in their ways.
- beggarly
- sordid
- miserly
- pompous.
Answer and explanation
C: miserly
Niggardly means unwilling to give or spend generously. Miserly has the same meaning here; pompous describes self-importance and beggarly suggests poverty.
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Question 43
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “snowballed”: The beggar’s takings snowballed every hour.
- grew
- turned white
- grew into a ball
- turned into snow.
Answer and explanation
A: grew
To snowball is to grow rapidly as more is added. The beggar’s takings therefore increased; the expression does not literally turn money into snow.
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Question 44
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “nipped in the bud”: His attempts were nipped in the bud.
- unsuccessful
- cut short
- frustrated
- disqualified.
Answer and explanation
B: cut short
Nipped in the bud means stopped at an early stage before further development. Cut short preserves this interruption, while unsuccessful only states an outcome and does not say when the attempts stopped.
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Question 45
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “made good”: The preacher has made good his promise to visit some of his converts today
- fulfilled
- abided by
- seen to
- accepted
Answer and explanation
A: fulfilled
To make good a promise is to carry out what was promised. Fulfilled directly describes completing that commitment, rather than merely accepting it.
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Question 47
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “tell-tale signs”: Look at the tell-tale signs of battering on her
- confirming looks
- suspicious marks
- revealing marks
- signifying marks
Answer and explanation
C: revealing marks
Tell-tale signs reveal something that might otherwise remain hidden. Revealing marks captures the evidence of battering, rather than marks that merely arouse suspicion.
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Question 48
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “came to grief”: The armed robbers who raided passengers on the Expressway came to grief when they had a shootout with the police today
- came to a bad end
- became grieved
- encountered grief
- came to a dead end
Answer and explanation
A: came to a bad end
To come to grief is to suffer failure or a disastrous outcome. Came to a bad end fits the encounter; it does not simply mean that the robbers felt sad.
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Question 50
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “took off”: The new educational system took off this school year.
- went off
- continued
- began
- resumed.
Answer and explanation
C: began
Took off here describes the new system getting started. Began is the nearest option; continued and resumed assume an earlier period of operation.
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Question 51
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “buy”: We will surely buy this idea of introducing an entirely new product
- pay for
- accept
- trade in
- barter
Answer and explanation
B: accept
To buy an idea figuratively is to accept it as convincing or suitable. The sentence concerns agreement with a proposal, not a literal purchase or exchange.
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Question 52
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “surplus”: This year’s harvest is surplus.
- enough for our need
- limitless
- more than enough
- plenty.
Answer and explanation
C: more than enough
Surplus means exceeding what is needed. More than enough includes that excess, whereas enough only meets the need and plenty does not explicitly say that any is left over.
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Question 53
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “lucrative”: Many candidates now apply to read Law because it is a lucrative profession.
- brings plenty of profit
- brings high prestige
- brings quick money
- brings plenty of knowledge.
Answer and explanation
A: brings plenty of profit
Lucrative means profitable or producing substantial financial gain. It concerns the amount of return, not how quickly money arrives or how prestigious the profession is.
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Question 54
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “off the record”: The pressman said that his interview with the President was off the record.
- not written on government record books
- not intended for publication
- not taped
- written elsewhere other than in government records.
Answer and explanation
B: not intended for publication
Off the record means the remarks are not intended for publication as an attributable statement. It concerns how the information may be used, not whether a recording device or official notebook was present.
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Question 55
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “up against”: She realised that she was up against stiff competition when a new large departmental store was opened next to her small provisions shop.
- next to
- standing next to
- opposed to
- faced with.
Answer and explanation
D: faced with.
To be up against competition is to face that challenge. Faced with expresses the difficult situation; the phrase does not merely locate one shop beside another.
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Question 56
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “go back on my word”: Finally, I assured him that I would not go back on my word
- return to a place
- return to a certain word when reading
- re-use my word
- fail to keep my promise.
Answer and explanation
D: fail to keep my promise.
To go back on one’s word is to fail to honour a promise. The speaker says he will not do that, so he is assuring the listener that he will keep the promise.
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Question 57
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “respects”: Everybody respects the team leader.
- looks up for
- looks up on
- looks up to
- looks up at
Answer and explanation
C: looks up to
To look up to someone is to admire or respect that person. The other particles do not form the required expression for respect.
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Question 58
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “hesitant”: The driver, on seeing the traffic warden, was hesitant to start the engine.
- slow
- unable
- anxious
- reluctant
Answer and explanation
D: reluctant
Hesitant describes uncertainty or reluctance to act. Reluctant best captures the driver’s unwillingness to start immediately; slow alone describes speed without that hesitation.
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Question 59
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “unimportant”: He likes to call attention to unimportant matters.
- dubious
- incidental
- trivial
- simple.
Answer and explanation
C: trivial
Trivial means of little importance. It matches unimportant, whereas dubious means doubtful and simple describes a lack of complexity.
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Question 60
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “took his audience down memory lane”: The speaker took his audience down memory lane before he went to the topic of his lecture
- Took his audience on a journey through a street called memory lane
- recalled events from the past
- told a tale about a place called memory lane
- gave an outline of his lecture
Answer and explanation
B: recalled events from the past
Taking an audience down memory lane means recalling past events with them. It describes recollection rather than travel along a real street.
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Question 61
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “hands out an olive branch”: The new religious leader hands out an olive branch.
- sues for peace
- gives out branches of the olive tree.
- challenges his opponents to a fight
- blesses his congregation.
Answer and explanation
A: sues for peace
An olive branch is a symbol of peace or reconciliation. Sues for peace means seeks peace, matching the leader’s conciliatory gesture rather than an invitation to fight.
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Question 63
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “cooked the books”: The accounts clerk was jailed because he cooked the books.
- set fire to the account books
- sold the books in his office to get money for food
- falsified the accounts to his advantage
- destroyed the account books by cooking them.
Answer and explanation
C: falsified the accounts to his advantage
To cook the books is to falsify financial records. The phrase concerns dishonest accounts, not physically burning, selling or cooking the books.
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Question 64
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “Herculean”: The task was Herculean.
- irregular
- related to Hercules
- stimulating
- demanding.
Answer and explanation
D: demanding.
A Herculean task requires exceptional effort or strength. Demanding captures that figurative meaning; merely saying related to Hercules misses what the sentence says about the task.
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Question 65
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “hard to believe”: The story is rather hard to believe.
- incredulous
- incredible
- superstitious
- untenable
Answer and explanation
B: incredible
Incredible describes something difficult to believe. Incredulous instead describes a person who is unwilling to believe something, so it cannot replace the description of the story.
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Question 66
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “administer”: It is advisable to administer the test in the morning when students are fresh
- perform
- set
- undertake
- give
Answer and explanation
D: give
To administer a test is to give and supervise it. Set can mean prepare the questions, while undertake describes taking on a task rather than giving the test to students.
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Question 67
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “ostensibly”: He broke his mallet ostensibly trying to maintain order although he was actually enjoying the commotion.
- apparently
- carelessly
- angrily
- accidentally
Answer and explanation
A: apparently
Ostensibly identifies the apparent or stated purpose, which may differ from the real one. Apparently fits the contrast between maintaining order and actually enjoying the commotion.
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Question 68
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: Jibril found that thieves had entered his house in his absence. He went to the police to report the _____
- break out
- break up
- break-in
- break into
Answer and explanation
C: break-in
A break-in is an unlawful entry into a building. The article the requires a noun naming the incident, so break-in is correct rather than the verb phrase break into.
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Question 70
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: Four persons accused of currency _____ are being held by the security agents
- traficking
- traviking
- trafficking
- traffiking.
Answer and explanation
C: trafficking
Trafficking is the correct spelling of the activity. The other alternatives omit or replace required letters, so they do not form the standard word.
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Question 71
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: You had to stand in the corridor all the way? Poor you! I don’t suppose you enjoyed the journey _____?
- don’t you
- did you
- didn’t you
- don’t I.
Answer and explanation
B: did you
I do not suppose you enjoyed it conveys a negative expectation about your enjoyment. The checking tag therefore uses positive did you, referring to enjoyed in the past rather than to the speaker’s present supposition.
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Question 72
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: “I’m sorry I can’t give you any of the oranges; I have _____ left.”
- few
- little
- only a little
- a few.
Answer and explanation
A: few
Oranges are countable, so few is used rather than little. Few stresses that hardly any remain and fits the refusal to give some away; a few would instead emphasise that some are available.
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Question 73
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: No wonder those plants are dying. They _____ any water for ages!
- didn’t have
- hadn’t
- haven’t had
- haven’t
Answer and explanation
C: haven’t had
Haven’t had describes a lack of water extending from the past up to the present, explaining why the plants are dying now. Have is the auxiliary and had is the main verb’s past participle.
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Question 76
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: _____ yet about the Principal?
- Are there any news
- Are there some news
- Is there any news
- Is their any news
Answer and explanation
C: Is there any news
News is an uncountable noun and takes singular is. The existential question uses there, so Is there any news is correct; their is the possessive spelling.
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Question 77
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: I am _____ to another week’s holiday this year after such a tedious job.
- due
- qualified
- looking
- entitled.
Answer and explanation
D: entitled.
Entitled to means having a right to something. It fits another week’s holiday after the work, while due would require a different construction such as due another week, without to.
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Question 79
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: The committee was frustrated because the Chief withheld his _____
- accent
- access
- assent
- ascent
Answer and explanation
C: assent
Assent means agreement or approval, which can be withheld. Accent concerns speech, access concerns entry or availability, and ascent means an upward movement.
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Question 82
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: The officer was compelled to _____ the suspect’s car.
- seize
- cease
- sieze
- sease.
Answer and explanation
A: seize
Seize means take possession of the car and has the required spelling. Cease means stop, while sieze and sease are misspellings.
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Question 83
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: He missed the point because he took the statement _____
- literally
- literarily
- literary
- unilaterally
Answer and explanation
A: literally
Taking a statement literally means interpreting its exact words instead of an intended figurative meaning. That can explain missing the point; literarily concerns literature and unilaterally means acting on one side only.
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Question 85
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: The brave officer _____the time bomb
- diffused
- devused
- defused
- difused.
Answer and explanation
C: defused
To defuse a bomb is to make it safe by removing or disabling its detonating mechanism. Diffuse means spread out, and the other choices are misspellings.
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Question 87
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: If you want peace, you _____ prepared for war.
- had better
- have better
- had better got
- had better get.
Answer and explanation
D: had better get.
Had better is followed by the base form of a verb. Had better get prepared supplies get before prepared; had better alone leaves the needed verb missing.
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Question 88
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: If only we _____, we could have overcome the difficulty.
- had persevered
- have persevered
- had persevere
- persevered.
Answer and explanation
A: had persevered
The sentence imagines a different completed past: perseverance could have led to success. Had persevered supplies the past perfect required for that past condition, matching could have overcome.
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Question 92
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: The only set of loudspeakers available _____ to be connected according to the instruction.
- is
- are
- were
- have
Answer and explanation
A: is
The grammatical head of the subject is the singular set, not the plural loudspeakers inside the of-phrase. Is therefore agrees with the subject and completes is to be connected.
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Question 94
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: He decided to wait for the bus because he had _____.
- too many luggage
- many luggages
- a lot of luggage
- plenty luggages
Answer and explanation
C: a lot of luggage
Luggage is uncountable, so a lot of luggage is the correct phrase. Many requires a countable plural, and luggages is not the standard plural form in this context.
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Question 95
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: Thank you for the party; we really _____.
- enjoyed ourselves
- enjoyed
- enjoyed very much
- enjoyed too much
Answer and explanation
A: enjoyed ourselves
Enjoyed ourselves means had a good time. Ourselves supplies the reflexive object matching we; the other choices leave enjoyed without the object needed in this sentence.
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Question 96
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: We were trying to study for the examinations last night when the lights _____.
- were taken away
- came off
- quenched
- went off.
Answer and explanation
D: went off.
When lights go off, they stop shining or the power supply stops. Went off is the past form that fits the interruption while the speakers were studying.
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Question 97
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: When he had arranged the furniture, he _____ the picture on the wall.
- hanged
- hung
- hang
- hunged.
Answer and explanation
B: hung
Hung is the past tense used when placing or suspending a picture. Hanged is used for execution, while hang is the base form and hunged is not a standard form.
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Question 100
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: Wada said that two of his chickens _____ eggs yesterday morning
- layed
- lied
- laid
- lain
Answer and explanation
C: laid
Chickens lay eggs, and the past tense of lay is laid. Lied belongs to telling an untruth and lain to reclining; layed is not the correct past form.
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