46 reviewed questions with answers and explanations.
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Question 1
The great herald of things to come was Ezekiel, not only in the sense that he predicted the future, but also because in the manner and content of his prophetic ministry, he foreshadowed many of the important religious developments, which were characteristics of the age after the Exile. He, rather than Ezra, was the founder of Judaism. He not only pointed forward; but as we shall see, he represented some of the great elements in Israel’s religious past. The book which bears his name is outwardly impressive in its orderliness and symmetry and in the careful chronological arrangement of its contents. It purports to present the record of prophecies uttered in the Babylonian Exile between 593 and 571 B.C and for long this was not seriously questioned. Even when other prophetic books have been dissected and assigned to sundry authors and editors, this book continued to be regarded by most scholars as having come into its entirety from Ezekiel. Then came a period in which many extreme theories were advanced, assigning much of it to other hands or presupposing complicated processes of editorial revision, or dating the book to a period much later than the Babylonian Exile, or maintaining that Ezekiel’s ministry was not exercised in Babylonia but in Palestine, or at least was begun there. Such theories have been subjected to damaging criticism and are now somewhat discredited. The account of Ezekiel’s ministry and teaching is based on the view that he lived and worked among the exile in Babylonia, at the period indicated, and the bulk of the material in the book comes from him, though, like other prophetic collections, it owes much in its compilation, arrangement and transmission to prophetic disciples
Ezekiel was a great herald of things to come because
- he was a prophet
- he preached about events which were to characterize the period after the Exile
- God showed him what was going to happen after exile
- he ran a prophetic ministry
- God was with him
Answer and explanation
B: he preached about events which were to characterize the period after the Exile
The passage calls Ezekiel a herald because his ministry foreshadowed religious developments after the Exile. This specific account is stronger than merely identifying him as a prophet.
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Question 2
The great herald of things to come was Ezekiel, not only in the sense that he predicted the future, but also because in the manner and content of his prophetic ministry, he foreshadowed many of the important religious developments, which were characteristics of the age after the Exile. He, rather than Ezra, was the founder of Judaism. He not only pointed forward; but as we shall see, he represented some of the great elements in Israel’s religious past. The book which bears his name is outwardly impressive in its orderliness and symmetry and in the careful chronological arrangement of its contents. It purports to present the record of prophecies uttered in the Babylonian Exile between 593 and 571 B.C and for long this was not seriously questioned. Even when other prophetic books have been dissected and assigned to sundry authors and editors, this book continued to be regarded by most scholars as having come into its entirety from Ezekiel. Then came a period in which many extreme theories were advanced, assigning much of it to other hands or presupposing complicated processes of editorial revision, or dating the book to a period much later than the Babylonian Exile, or maintaining that Ezekiel’s ministry was not exercised in Babylonia but in Palestine, or at least was begun there. Such theories have been subjected to damaging criticism and are now somewhat discredited. The account of Ezekiel’s ministry and teaching is based on the view that he lived and worked among the exile in Babylonia, at the period indicated, and the bulk of the material in the book comes from him, though, like other prophetic collections, it owes much in its compilation, arrangement and transmission to prophetic disciples
in his work, Ezekiel
- was friendly with Ezra
- founded Judaism in conjunction with Ezra
- had a large religious following
- forged a link between the past and the future
- demonstrated that he was a man of God
Answer and explanation
D: forged a link between the past and the future
The author says Ezekiel pointed forward while also representing important elements of Israel’s religious past. This links the past and future in the account.
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Question 3
The great herald of things to come was Ezekiel, not only in the sense that he predicted the future, but also because in the manner and content of his prophetic ministry, he foreshadowed many of the important religious developments, which were characteristics of the age after the Exile. He, rather than Ezra, was the founder of Judaism. He not only pointed forward; but as we shall see, he represented some of the great elements in Israel’s religious past. The book which bears his name is outwardly impressive in its orderliness and symmetry and in the careful chronological arrangement of its contents. It purports to present the record of prophecies uttered in the Babylonian Exile between 593 and 571 B.C and for long this was not seriously questioned. Even when other prophetic books have been dissected and assigned to sundry authors and editors, this book continued to be regarded by most scholars as having come into its entirety from Ezekiel. Then came a period in which many extreme theories were advanced, assigning much of it to other hands or presupposing complicated processes of editorial revision, or dating the book to a period much later than the Babylonian Exile, or maintaining that Ezekiel’s ministry was not exercised in Babylonia but in Palestine, or at least was begun there. Such theories have been subjected to damaging criticism and are now somewhat discredited. The account of Ezekiel’s ministry and teaching is based on the view that he lived and worked among the exile in Babylonia, at the period indicated, and the bulk of the material in the book comes from him, though, like other prophetic collections, it owes much in its compilation, arrangement and transmission to prophetic disciples
By and large critics of Ezekiel and his work were
- successful
- ungodly
- unsuccessful
- jealous
- angered by his acceptance
Answer and explanation
C: unsuccessful
The alternative theories are described as subjected to damaging criticism and somewhat discredited. Unsuccessful best reflects the outcome described by the author.
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Question 4
The great herald of things to come was Ezekiel, not only in the sense that he predicted the future, but also because in the manner and content of his prophetic ministry, he foreshadowed many of the important religious developments, which were characteristics of the age after the Exile. He, rather than Ezra, was the founder of Judaism. He not only pointed forward; but as we shall see, he represented some of the great elements in Israel’s religious past. The book which bears his name is outwardly impressive in its orderliness and symmetry and in the careful chronological arrangement of its contents. It purports to present the record of prophecies uttered in the Babylonian Exile between 593 and 571 B.C and for long this was not seriously questioned. Even when other prophetic books have been dissected and assigned to sundry authors and editors, this book continued to be regarded by most scholars as having come into its entirety from Ezekiel. Then came a period in which many extreme theories were advanced, assigning much of it to other hands or presupposing complicated processes of editorial revision, or dating the book to a period much later than the Babylonian Exile, or maintaining that Ezekiel’s ministry was not exercised in Babylonia but in Palestine, or at least was begun there. Such theories have been subjected to damaging criticism and are now somewhat discredited. The account of Ezekiel’s ministry and teaching is based on the view that he lived and worked among the exile in Babylonia, at the period indicated, and the bulk of the material in the book comes from him, though, like other prophetic collections, it owes much in its compilation, arrangement and transmission to prophetic disciples
when other prophetic book where discredited, Ezekiel's book was accepted because
- the people loved him
- the other prophetic writers were not an original
- the critics were biased in their judgement
- he was a great prophet
- his work was convincingly documented
Answer and explanation
E: his work was convincingly documented
The author stresses the book’s order, symmetry and careful chronological arrangement before describing its long acceptance. Convincing documentation is the supported explanation among the choices.
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Question 6
Although our aim is to nurture healthy children, Nigerian children are still subjected to severe physical and mental stress as they develop. So far, our interest and activities have been to ensure their physical well-being through the reduction of high mortality and morbidity rates, still inadequate as this may be. But we need to examine from time to time the other needs of the Nigerian child which will ensure a totally healthy development. We are split between two cultures – our traditional and the Western, a relic of our colonial past. This also affects our child-rearing practices. Therefore, these practices must have a very important bearing on how the child is prepared for our world of today so that he fits into our disturbed cultural milieu. Different styles of child-rearing and education can produce different personalities in terms of motivation, aggressiveness, achievement and integration of the individual into the community socially and culturally. It is important that, while we struggle with the visible organic disease, we fix our gaze on the other important measures to attain this end – a healthy child. The process of social adjustment begins from the moment of birth. Many of our traditional birth practices ensure that the mother either carries or suckles her child immediately after birth. The baby therefore comes into close contact with the mother at this critical time. Moreover she is forced to stay indoors with the baby for varying periods of time. By this means, the attachment of the baby to the mother, so essential for the child’s ability to relate to her in future is secured. This crucial moment in the baby’s life is now being recognized in the Western countries, whilst birth practices in some hospital and maternity homes separate mother and child immediately after birth to the extent that their ability to develop a close relationship may be jeopardized. Our Nigerian child of today may, therefore, be worse off than that of yesterday. As we move towards the training of our traditional birth attendants with a view to incorporating them into our health services, healthy practices such as the one described above must be maintained and encouraged
According to the passage, ensuring a totally healthy child requires that
- it is necessary to concentrate on the child's physical well-being alone
- it is essential to reduce the high child mortality and morbidity rate
- it is necessary to take care of other things in addition to the child's physical well-being
- it is important to keep to the rules of hygiene
- it is necessary to copy foreign ways of bringing up children
Answer and explanation
C: it is necessary to take care of other things in addition to the child's physical well-being
The passage argues that attention to physical illness alone is insufficient and that other developmental needs also matter. This is its central claim about total development.
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Question 7
Although our aim is to nurture healthy children, Nigerian children are still subjected to severe physical and mental stress as they develop. So far, our interest and activities have been to ensure their physical well-being through the reduction of high mortality and morbidity rates, still inadequate as this may be. But we need to examine from time to time the other needs of the Nigerian child which will ensure a totally healthy development. We are split between two cultures – our traditional and the Western, a relic of our colonial past. This also affects our child-rearing practices. Therefore, these practices must have a very important bearing on how the child is prepared for our world of today so that he fits into our disturbed cultural milieu. Different styles of child-rearing and education can produce different personalities in terms of motivation, aggressiveness, achievement and integration of the individual into the community socially and culturally. It is important that, while we struggle with the visible organic disease, we fix our gaze on the other important measures to attain this end – a healthy child. The process of social adjustment begins from the moment of birth. Many of our traditional birth practices ensure that the mother either carries or suckles her child immediately after birth. The baby therefore comes into close contact with the mother at this critical time. Moreover she is forced to stay indoors with the baby for varying periods of time. By this means, the attachment of the baby to the mother, so essential for the child’s ability to relate to her in future is secured. This crucial moment in the baby’s life is now being recognized in the Western countries, whilst birth practices in some hospital and maternity homes separate mother and child immediately after birth to the extent that their ability to develop a close relationship may be jeopardized. Our Nigerian child of today may, therefore, be worse off than that of yesterday. As we move towards the training of our traditional birth attendants with a view to incorporating them into our health services, healthy practices such as the one described above must be maintained and encouraged
it is said that differences in ways of bringing up children and educating them
- achieve the same results
- are reflected in the personalities, attitudes and achievements of the individual
- make people aggressive
- have nothing to do with educational attainments
- are a matter of the cultural background of the people
Answer and explanation
B: are reflected in the personalities, attitudes and achievements of the individual
The author explicitly says differing child-rearing and educational styles produce differences in personality, motivation, achievement and social integration. B states those effects most fully.
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Question 8
Although our aim is to nurture healthy children, Nigerian children are still subjected to severe physical and mental stress as they develop. So far, our interest and activities have been to ensure their physical well-being through the reduction of high mortality and morbidity rates, still inadequate as this may be. But we need to examine from time to time the other needs of the Nigerian child which will ensure a totally healthy development. We are split between two cultures – our traditional and the Western, a relic of our colonial past. This also affects our child-rearing practices. Therefore, these practices must have a very important bearing on how the child is prepared for our world of today so that he fits into our disturbed cultural milieu. Different styles of child-rearing and education can produce different personalities in terms of motivation, aggressiveness, achievement and integration of the individual into the community socially and culturally. It is important that, while we struggle with the visible organic disease, we fix our gaze on the other important measures to attain this end – a healthy child. The process of social adjustment begins from the moment of birth. Many of our traditional birth practices ensure that the mother either carries or suckles her child immediately after birth. The baby therefore comes into close contact with the mother at this critical time. Moreover she is forced to stay indoors with the baby for varying periods of time. By this means, the attachment of the baby to the mother, so essential for the child’s ability to relate to her in future is secured. This crucial moment in the baby’s life is now being recognized in the Western countries, whilst birth practices in some hospital and maternity homes separate mother and child immediately after birth to the extent that their ability to develop a close relationship may be jeopardized. Our Nigerian child of today may, therefore, be worse off than that of yesterday. As we move towards the training of our traditional birth attendants with a view to incorporating them into our health services, healthy practices such as the one described above must be maintained and encouraged
According to the author, the traditional practices described are
- are too uncivilized to be helpful to the child
- need to be modernized
- are very helpful to the proper growth of the child
- make the child a stranger to modern civilization
- are the cause of underdevelopment
Answer and explanation
C: are very helpful to the proper growth of the child
The author values the described traditional practices because they keep mother and baby in close contact and support attachment. C matches this favourable assessment in the passage.
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Question 12
Over the years there has been this hue and cry by government and the public policy advisers against the phenomenon of the rural-urban drift. Researches have been conducted on various aspects of this phenomenon which have resulted in the identification of the various causes and consequences of drift. In addition, prescriptions have been given for controlling the rural-urban drift. Among the causes most often mentioned are population pressures in some rural areas resulting in dwindling farm lands; increase in school enrollment and the resultant rise in education levels which qualify many people for urban employment, higher wages in the urban centers relative to rural centers and the rather naïve one of the ‘bright lights’ in the cities so much touted by early foreign sociologists. The most often mentioned consequences of this rural-urban migration include depopulation of the rural area leading to overcrowding of the cities and the resultant housing and sanitation problems; decline in the agricultural population resulting in less food crops being grown and high food prices in the cities, and increasing urban unemployment. The results of the phenomenon are seen largely as negative Measures to control the rural-urban drift include the establishment of essential amenities like water, electricity, hospitals, colleges, and cinema houses; the location of employment generating establishment and the building of good interconnecting roads. The sum total of these prescriptions in essence, unwittingly or paradoxically, is for the rural areas to be transformed into urban centers. This is so because to industrialize the rural areas would draw many more people out of agriculture than if industries were restricted to urban centers When industries are located in the rural areas, it involves much less cost for the prospective rural-urban migrant to change to a non-agricultural job, than is involved in his leaving a rural abode for a distant urban center. Therefore, rural industrialization holds a higher potential for the de-agriculturalization of the rural population than when industries are concentrated in urban areas. The phenomenon of rural-urban migration has been intensively and extensively researched and studied, but it would seem that it has largely been misinterpreted and misunderstood. Consequently, public policies on the subject have been misdirected.
one of the reasons why people drift for the rural areas to the urban areas is
- hunger resulting from drought
- laziness and ignorant
- better rural education and possession of qualifications which make better jobs available in urban areas
- the easy life and comfort in the city
- the freedom from traditional control and pagan practices
Answer and explanation
C: better rural education and possession of qualifications which make better jobs available in urban areas
The author explicitly identifies rising education levels that qualify people for urban jobs as a cause of migration. The other choices add motives not stated in that form.
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Question 14
Over the years there has been this hue and cry by government and the public policy advisers against the phenomenon of the rural-urban drift. Researches have been conducted on various aspects of this phenomenon which have resulted in the identification of the various causes and consequences of drift. In addition, prescriptions have been given for controlling the rural-urban drift. Among the causes most often mentioned are population pressures in some rural areas resulting in dwindling farm lands; increase in school enrollment and the resultant rise in education levels which qualify many people for urban employment, higher wages in the urban centers relative to rural centers and the rather naïve one of the ‘bright lights’ in the cities so much touted by early foreign sociologists. The most often mentioned consequences of this rural-urban migration include depopulation of the rural area leading to overcrowding of the cities and the resultant housing and sanitation problems; decline in the agricultural population resulting in less food crops being grown and high food prices in the cities, and increasing urban unemployment. The results of the phenomenon are seen largely as negative Measures to control the rural-urban drift include the establishment of essential amenities like water, electricity, hospitals, colleges, and cinema houses; the location of employment generating establishment and the building of good interconnecting roads. The sum total of these prescriptions in essence, unwittingly or paradoxically, is for the rural areas to be transformed into urban centers. This is so because to industrialize the rural areas would draw many more people out of agriculture than if industries were restricted to urban centers When industries are located in the rural areas, it involves much less cost for the prospective rural-urban migrant to change to a non-agricultural job, than is involved in his leaving a rural abode for a distant urban center. Therefore, rural industrialization holds a higher potential for the de-agriculturalization of the rural population than when industries are concentrated in urban areas. The phenomenon of rural-urban migration has been intensively and extensively researched and studied, but it would seem that it has largely been misinterpreted and misunderstood. Consequently, public policies on the subject have been misdirected.
one suggested solution to the problem is to
- provide social amenities and create employment opportunities in rural areas
- encourage mechanized agriculture in order to raise income
- force the young rural people to stay by warning them about the problems in the cities
- mount road blocks
- lower the level of education in rural areas and increase qualification for employment in the cities
Answer and explanation
A: provide social amenities and create employment opportunities in rural areas
The passage lists services, employment-generating establishments and roads as proposed measures. A describes that proposal; the author subsequently questions its effects, so it is a suggestion rather than an endorsed solution.
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Question 18
I began work at the smithy on the Monday morning. My wages were half a crown a week. My hours were from six in the morning till six in the night, with an hour break for lunch. My boss, Boeta Dick, was a tall, bent, reedy consumptive. He had a parched yellow skin, drawn tight over his jutting bones. His cheeks were so sunken it was as though he were permanently sucking them in. his eyes were far back in his head. He coughed violently, and beside his seat was a bucket of sand into which he spat. Changing the sand daily was the only part of my job I hated. The smithy was divided into two parts. At one end were the machines that cut, shaped, and put the tins together. The men who worked on the machines were on a regular weekly wage. At the other end, was a row of small furnaces, each with its own bellows and piles of fuel. Here, at each furnace a man sat soldering the seams of the tins as they came from machines. The solderers were on piece work. To average two or three pounds a week they had to do a mountainous amount of soldering. Each solderer had a boy to cart the tins from the machines to him, then to smear the seams of each tin with Sulphur powder so that the lead took easily and, after checking, to cart the tins to the yard where the Lorries collected them.
Without the solderers in the smithy
- no work can be done
- the boss will go into debt
- the products cannot be completed
- the boss will be unhappy
- the other workers will not like their job
Answer and explanation
C: the products cannot be completed
The solderers join the seams after machines form the tins. Without that finishing work the tins would remain incomplete, even though other work could still be done.
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Question 19
I began work at the smithy on the Monday morning. My wages were half a crown a week. My hours were from six in the morning till six in the night, with an hour break for lunch. My boss, Boeta Dick, was a tall, bent, reedy consumptive. He had a parched yellow skin, drawn tight over his jutting bones. His cheeks were so sunken it was as though he were permanently sucking them in. his eyes were far back in his head. He coughed violently, and beside his seat was a bucket of sand into which he spat. Changing the sand daily was the only part of my job I hated. The smithy was divided into two parts. At one end were the machines that cut, shaped, and put the tins together. The men who worked on the machines were on a regular weekly wage. At the other end, was a row of small furnaces, each with its own bellows and piles of fuel. Here, at each furnace a man sat soldering the seams of the tins as they came from machines. The solderers were on piece work. To average two or three pounds a week they had to do a mountainous amount of soldering. Each solderer had a boy to cart the tins from the machines to him, then to smear the seams of each tin with Sulphur powder so that the lead took easily and, after checking, to cart the tins to the yard where the Lorries collected them.
The solderers received
- occasional money for their work
- too much for their work
- just enough for their work
- a fair wage
- not so much as their work demanded
Answer and explanation
E: not so much as their work demanded
The narrator stresses the mountainous amount of work needed to earn two or three pounds. This portrays the payment as low for the effort demanded, rather than a generous wage.
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Question 21
Rufus Okeke – Roof, for short – was a very popular man in his village. Although the villagers did not explain it in so many words, Roof’s popularity was a measure of their gratitude to an energetic young man who unlike most of his fellows nowadays, had not abandoned the village in order to seek work, any work, in the towns. Roof was not a village tout either. Everyone knew how he had spent two years as a bicycle repairer’s apprentice in Port-Harcourt and had given up of his own free will a bright future to return to his people and guide them in these political times. Not that Umuofia needed a lot of guidance. The village already belonged en masse to the People’s Alliance Party, and its most illustrious son, Chief the Honorable Marcus Ibe, was Minister of Culture in the outgoing government (which was pretty certain to be the incoming one as well). Nobody doubted that the Honorable Minister would be elected in his constituency. Opposition to him was like the proverbial fly trying to move a dung-hill. It would have been ridiculous enough without coming, as it did now, from a complete nonentity. As was to be expected, Roof was in the service of the Honorable Minister for the coming elections. He had become a real expert in election campaigning at all levels – villages, local government or national. He could tell the mood and temper of the electorate at any given time. For instance, he had warned the Minister months ago about the radical change that had come into the thinking of Umuofia since the last national election
Rufus Okeke was very popular with people because he
- was energetic
- has decided to pitch his tent with the villagers
- did not like town life
- could not live without his parents
- made more money for the villagers
Answer and explanation
B: has decided to pitch his tent with the villagers
Roof’s popularity is explicitly linked to villagers’ gratitude that he returned and stayed with them instead of seeking work in town. Pitching his tent with them expresses that decision.
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Question 25
Rufus Okeke – Roof, for short – was a very popular man in his village. Although the villagers did not explain it in so many words, Roof’s popularity was a measure of their gratitude to an energetic young man who unlike most of his fellows nowadays, had not abandoned the village in order to seek work, any work, in the towns. Roof was not a village tout either. Everyone knew how he had spent two years as a bicycle repairer’s apprentice in Port-Harcourt and had given up of his own free will a bright future to return to his people and guide them in these political times. Not that Umuofia needed a lot of guidance. The village already belonged en masse to the People’s Alliance Party, and its most illustrious son, Chief the Honorable Marcus Ibe, was Minister of Culture in the outgoing government (which was pretty certain to be the incoming one as well). Nobody doubted that the Honorable Minister would be elected in his constituency. Opposition to him was like the proverbial fly trying to move a dung-hill. It would have been ridiculous enough without coming, as it did now, from a complete nonentity. As was to be expected, Roof was in the service of the Honorable Minister for the coming elections. He had become a real expert in election campaigning at all levels – villages, local government or national. He could tell the mood and temper of the electorate at any given time. For instance, he had warned the Minister months ago about the radical change that had come into the thinking of Umuofia since the last national election
which of the following statement would you consider correct with reference to Okeke as an election expert?
- it is true that he was an expert
- it is doubtful that he was an expert
- it is most likely to be true that he was an expert
- there are no election experts
- he was not an election expert at all
Answer and explanation
A: it is true that he was an expert
The narrator explicitly calls Roof a real expert and supports this by his ability to judge voters’ changing mood. A reflects the text’s affirmative statement rather than expressing doubt.
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Question 34
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: If he had entered the room, I _____ him
- saw
- had seen
- would have seen
- may see
- will see
Answer and explanation
C: would have seen
If he had entered describes an unreal past condition. Would have seen supplies its matching unreal past result.
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Question 37
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “penury”: His penury gave him a lifetime of hunger
- avariciousness
- affluence
- poverty
- penny pinching
- greed
Answer and explanation
C: poverty
Penury means extreme poverty. The reference to lifelong hunger reinforces lack of money, rather than greed or excessive saving.
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Question 39
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “innocuous”: Don't eat just any innocuous looking mushroom you see around
- harmful
- harmless
- innocent
- immunized
- conspicuous
Answer and explanation
B: harmless
Innocuous means harmless. The warning distinguishes harmless appearance from actual safety; innocent refers to lack of guilt rather than the physical effect of a mushroom.
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Question 40
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “Colossal”: Colossal means
- a Greek column
- gigantic
- something which has lost too much fluid
- a calamity
- the sale of colos
Answer and explanation
B: gigantic
Colossal means extremely large. Gigantic expresses that size; the other choices confuse the word with unrelated terms.
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Question 45
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: I am travelling by the 6:30 train tomorrow morning. Will you _____ me _____ ?
- see/off
- look/up
- take/down
- see/to
- put/up
Answer and explanation
A: see/off
See someone off means accompany them at departure and say goodbye. The scheduled train journey makes see me off the relevant expression.
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Question 46
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: I am a student and _____ Musa. I left for the university, and _____ Musa
- was, does
- so is, so did
- so was, so does
- he is, he did
- so he is, so he went
Answer and explanation
B: so is, so did
So is Musa repeats am a student; so did Musa repeats the past action left. Each clause requires the matching auxiliary and inverted subject order.
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Question 47
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: You have been absent from classes for four months. How can you _____ for the lost time
- make in
- make up
- make off
- make out
- make over
Answer and explanation
B: make up
Make up for lost time means compensate for time missed. Up completes the phrasal verb before the existing for.
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Question 48
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: I am afraid you cannot use this telephone; it is _____
- out of order
- in order
- for order
- at order
- with order
Answer and explanation
A: out of order
A telephone out of order is not working. This explains why it cannot be used; the other phrases do not express that fault.
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Question 49
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: You should make an _____ to improve the situation
- effect
- efficiency
- effectiveness
- effort
- effectualness
Answer and explanation
D: effort
Make an effort means try to achieve something. The sentence requires an attempt to improve the situation, not the resulting effect.
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Question 55
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: He acts _____ he were a general manager
- as
- if
- as if
- so as
- that
Answer and explanation
C: as if
As if introduces the unreal comparison with a general manager. Were reinforces the hypothetical role being compared with his behaviour.
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Question 56
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: Must you say ‘Good morning’ to everybody in the street? No, _____
- I needn’t
- I mustn’t
- I can’t
- I do not need
- I’ll have to
Answer and explanation
A: I needn’t
Needn’t denies necessity: greeting every person is not required. Mustn’t expresses a prohibition, changing the meaning of this response.
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Question 59
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: I _____ to gain admission to the college for the past three years
- have been trying
- tried
- am trying
- was trying
- try
Answer and explanation
A: have been trying
For the past three years connects repeated attempts to now. Have been trying expresses that continuing effort, unlike the simple present alternatives.
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Question 60
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: _____ a lot of arguments for and against car loans in the press recently
- There are
- There has been
- There have been
- There is
- There was
Answer and explanation
C: There have been
There have been uses present perfect for recent discussion. Have agrees with plural arguments; has and is cannot supply that agreement.
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Question 63
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: Will they sign any contracts at the Fair? They will not only sign the contracts but a lot of goods _____ as well
- will buy
- to buy
- they buy
- they bought
- will be bought
Answer and explanation
E: will be bought
Goods receive the action of buying. Will be bought supplies the future passive, parallel to the future signing of the contracts.
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Question 64
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: I started writing this test at 8: 00 a.m. It is 10: 00 a.m. now. By 11: 00 a.m. I _____ it for three hours
- shall be writing
- have been writing
- shall have been writing
- am writing
- was writing
Answer and explanation
C: shall have been writing
At eleven the writing will have continued for three hours since eight. Shall have been writing measures that duration up to the future reference point.
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Question 65
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “a freelance”: Writing for newspaper is exciting and lucrative especially when one is a freelance journalist
- a forthright
- an eloquent
- an unattached
- a political
- a convincing
Answer and explanation
C: an unattached
A freelance journalist works independently for clients rather than being permanently attached to one employer. An unattached journalist is the closest choice.
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Question 67
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “point blank”: After the wife had covered her misdeeds by prevaricating on several occasions, the poor husband accused her point blank of adultery
- bluntly
- pointedly
- emphatically
- unreservedly
- mistakenly
Answer and explanation
A: bluntly
Point blank means directly and bluntly, without softening the accusation. Emphatically concerns force rather than this directness.
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Question 69
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “a cock and bull story”: I listened with rapt attention as he never suspected that I knew he was telling me a cock and bull story
- a story about a cock
- a story about bull
- an incredible story
- an interesting
- an eye witness story
Answer and explanation
C: an incredible story
A cock-and-bull story is an implausible account that is not believed. An incredible story expresses that lack of credibility.
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Question 70
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “immune”: When a man is immune to an illness, he is
- opposed to it
- attached to it
- hated by it
- protected against it
- addicted to it
Answer and explanation
D: protected against it
Immune to an illness means protected against it. Opposed to it describes an attitude and does not express protection.
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Question 71
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “lost ground”: The two boxers were neck and neck up till the sixth round but in the seventh and final round, the bigger one lost ground
- could no longer stand on his feet
- failed to maintain his position
- was beaten
- became dizzy
- became a punching bag
Answer and explanation
B: failed to maintain his position
Lost ground means failed to maintain a previous position or advantage. It need not mean the boxer fell or was finally beaten.
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Question 72
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “taking in”: While the mother and father were arguing furiously their small-boy sat patiently taking in everything they said
- absorbing
- accommodating
- embracing
- accepting
- noting
Answer and explanation
A: absorbing
Taking in what people say means absorbing or understanding it. Accepting would imply agreement, which the sentence does not state.
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Question 74
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “ostracized”: In some parts of our society, people are ostracized purely on the basis of their parentage
- hated
- disrespected
- shut off from others
- locked up
- abandoned
Answer and explanation
C: shut off from others
Ostracized means excluded from social participation. Shut off from others is more precise than simply being disliked.
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Question 75
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “flanked”: Sitting majestically on his throne is the Oba of Benin flanked by some of his wives
- surrounded
- supported
- guarded
- protected
- neglected
Answer and explanation
A: surrounded
Flanked means positioned at someone’s sides. Surrounded is the closest available spatial description rather than guarding or supporting the ruler.
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Question 76
Choose the option nearest in meaning to “unseemly”: In civilized society, it is unseemly to emit a loud belch at the end of a meal
- noisy
- annoying
- stupid
- outrageous
- impolite
Answer and explanation
E: impolite
Unseemly means inappropriate or contrary to good manners. Impolite matches this judgment about behaviour at a meal.
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Question 77
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: As a result of the injury sustained on the football field, Segun was _____ with a broken leg for months
- laid down
- laid out
- laid on
- laid up
- laid off
Answer and explanation
D: laid up
Laid up describes inability to carry on normal activities because of illness or injury. The broken leg explains the inactivity.
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Question 78
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: the principal was able to establish a functional language laboratory for school because he acted _____ the advice of experts on the subject
- through
- at
- from
- on
- by
Answer and explanation
D: on
Act on advice means use it as the basis for action. On completes this expression rather than indicating a location or origin.
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Question 83
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: You cannot have a vague idea of the content of this comprehension text unless you first _____ the whole passage for a few minutes, said the teacher to his pupils.
- digest
- decipher
- skim through
- chew through
- master
Answer and explanation
C: skim through
Skimming means reading quickly for a general impression. A rough idea in a few minutes fits skim through rather than mastering every detail.
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Question 84
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: The prefect came to the class five minutes after the lesson _____
- has started
- had started
- have started
- is started
- has been started
Answer and explanation
B: had started
Had started places the beginning before the past arrival. The other choices use present auxiliaries or disagree with singular lesson.
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Question 85
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: Bimbo sings beautifully _____ ?
- isn't it
- doesn't she
- isn't she
- does she
- is she
Answer and explanation
B: doesn't she
The positive simple-present statement takes the negative tag doesn’t she. Do-support matches sings, and she refers to Bimbo.
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Question 87
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: No sooner had the examination ended _____ the students started vacating the halls of residence
- when
- that
- than
- before
- and
Answer and explanation
C: than
No sooner pairs with than to indicate immediate succession. Than connects the examination’s end with the students’ departure.
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Question 92
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: He must be a good student because he is a _____ reader
- Romanesque
- veracious
- voracious
- mendacious
- sarcastic
Answer and explanation
C: voracious
A voracious reader reads a great deal eagerly. Veracious means truthful and does not describe the quantity of reading.
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Question 93
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: It is very difficult to capture the subtle _____ of words when translated from one language to another
- essence
- denotations
- connotations
- inflexions
- insults
Answer and explanation
C: connotations
Connotations are implied associations beyond literal definitions. These subtle meanings are difficult to preserve in translation.
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Question 96
Choose the option that best completes the sentence: Every time you pay a bill you must insist _____ being given a receipt
- in
- from
- on
- by
- onto
Answer and explanation
C: on
Insist on takes a noun or an -ing form. On being given expresses the requested provision of a receipt.
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